What is hantavirus? Deadly virus that killed Gene Hackman’s wife

Hantavirus, a rare but potentially fatal infection, has been identified as the cause of death for Betsy Arakawa, wife of Oscar-winning actor Gene Hackman, New Mexico health officials confirmed Friday.

Hantavirus is a disease spread by contact with rodents, particularly their urine, droppings, or saliva. The virus does not spread from person to person. There is no specific cure or antiviral treatment, though early medical attention can improve survival chances.

The infection can rapidly progress and become life-threatening. “It really starts like the flu: body aches, feeling poorly overall,” said Dr. Sonja Bartolome of UT Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas. Early symptoms include fatigue, fever, and muscle aches. As the disease worsens, it can lead to hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, a severe lung infection that causes coughing, shortness of breath, and fluid buildup in the lungs.

The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that about one-third of patients who develop respiratory symptoms die from the infection.

First identified in the US during a 1993 outbreak in the Four Corners region—where Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah meet—hantavirus remains most common in western and southwestern states. Between 1993 and 2022, 864 cases were reported nationwide, with New Mexico recording the highest number (122), followed by Colorado (119).

How to reduce the risk of hantavirus infection

Health officials recommend several precautions to avoid exposure to hantavirus:

• Control Rodent Populations: Seal holes and gaps in homes, garages, and sheds to prevent rodents from entering. Store food in rodent-proof containers.
• Clean Safely: Avoid sweeping or vacuuming rodent droppings, as this can release virus particles into the air. Instead, wear gloves and use a disinfectant solution (such as diluted bleach) to thoroughly clean contaminated areas.
• Ventilate Before Cleaning: If an area with potential rodent activity has been closed for a long time, open windows and doors for at least 30 minutes before cleaning.
• Avoid Disturbing Rodent Habitats: When hiking or camping, avoid sleeping near rodent burrows or woodpiles where they may nest.
• Use Protective Gear: In areas with high rodent activity, consider wearing an N95 mask and gloves while cleaning or working.

“If you are ill and then progressing to symptoms interfering with daily activities, you do need to seek medical attention,” Bartolome said.