Bonded labour remains a severe and pervasive issue in Sindh where thousands of individuals, including children, are trapped in cycles of exploitation and abuse. This scourge traps scores of workers and their families in a cycle of debt. Between 2013 and 2023, at least 12,116 bonded labourers were freed from the clutches of landlords in Sindh, including 4,134 children and 4,037 women. A recent report, ‘State of the Peasants’ Rights’, highlights that while the Sindh Labour and Human Resource Department set a minimum wage of Rs32,000 per month for unskilled workers, this is not applied in rural areas. In these regions, daily wages are approximately Rs700 for male workers and even lower for female workers, according to the report prepared by Hari Welfare Association. Despite legislative efforts and international pressure, this form of modern-day slavery continues to plague the region, driven by a combination of economic desperation, illiteracy and systemic corruption.
Despite local legislation and Pakistan’s commitment to international agreements on bonded labour, thousands continue to suffer under this inhumane practice. The entrenched power structures perpetuate this exploitation, allowing those in positions of authority to benefit from it. Women and children often work informally alongside the men in their families, compounding the issue. Unfortunately, the government’s response to this issue has been inconsistent. While there are laws against bonded labour, enforcement remains weak and irregular. While efforts by non-governmental organisations and activists have made some headway in raising awareness and providing support, they face significant challenges due to limited resources and entrenched local power structures. Addressing this scourge requires a multi-faceted approach including educational initiatives to empower vulnerable communities, and a robust support system for victims. Concerted and sustained efforts can disrupt and break the cycle of exploitation, ensuring dignity and justice for those trapped in these inhumane conditions.
